ABSTRACT
Introduction: The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body and the structure of its proximal portionallows the leg to move in three dimensions relative to the torso, thus serving as a linchpin of human mobility.Moreover, age related and pediatric disorders at this skeletal site are common and confer strong risk factors forcurrent and future disability. The femur forms the skeleton of the thigh, carries body weight, supports themovements of leg and provides attachment to the muscles. Morphology of bones is very much affected by race,sex, environmental factors and life style.Materials and Methods: For this study total 285 Femurs of various bodies in central Gujarat were collectedrandomly and unknown age & sex. 285 Femurs were studied in department of Anatomy, Sri B.K.Shah Medicalinstitute & Research Centre. The following measurements were measured Neck shaft angle, Femoral Length andNeck Length of femur.Results and Conlusion: Total mean length of femur was 435.8 ± 27.32 (Mean ± SD ) mm. Right side mean length offemur was 436.2 ± 27.91 (Mean ± SD ) mm. Left side mean length of femur was 433.8 ± 26.14 (Mean ± SD ) mm.Maximum length of femur was 446 mm and minimum length was 423 mm.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Anthropometric techniques have been commonly used to estimate the stature from bones and playan important role in identifying unknown bodies by anthropologists and anatomists for over hundred years.Forensic experts and anthropologists often have a task of identification of sex of skeletal remains which is anaspect of the biological profile of an individual. The humerus is among the long bones which have been found toremain in better condition after the death of the individual and can be used for analysis of sex of the individual.Aim: To assess the role of multivariate analysis of humerus metric parameters for sex differentiation of adultmale and female humerus.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done on 102 adult human humeri ofknown sex available in the bone bank of the Department of Anatomy, Smt.B.K.Shah Medical institute & ResearchCentre Piparia, Vadodara, Central Gujarat, IndiaResults: A total 102 Adult humerus 64 Male and 38 Female were studied in present study. Twenty five measurementswere taken from each humerus. The accuracy rate for sex determination by discriminant analysis using the fiveparameters i.e., weight, total length, vertical diameter of head, transverse diameter of the head and thecircumference of midshaft of the humerus.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The normal human placenta is a dynamic discoid organ have two surfaces; 1. The chorionic plate facing the foetus (the umbilical cord attached) and 2. The basal plate which about the maternal endometrium. Human placenta has drawn attention as valuable information regardingfoetal& maternal diseases. As placenta guide the intra uterine status of the foetus, study of the placenta will give an accurate condition of the foetal outcome. The aim of this study was to study the morphology of placenta with normal & hypertensive mother. Subjects and Methods: This present study was carried out in the Dept. of Anatomy, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical institute & Research Centre, in association with the dept. of OB & GY of Dhirajhospital,Piparia, Waghodia, Vadodara district. A total number of 100 (Hundred) placenta (50 - fifty hypertensive mother + 50 - fifty normal mother) with 5cms length of umbilical cord were collected from the Obstetric dept. and relevant medical history (H/O) related of the mother were noted and recorded from the data available in the hospital record section. Resultsand Conclusion: In this present study group comprised human placentae from fifty (50) pregnancies with hypertensive mother. The control group comprised fifty (50) human placentae from pregnant mothers with normal blood pressure, without proteinuria and without edema. Among study group most common pregnancy comprisedpre-eclampsia (50%) in this study. The mean age of hypertensive mothers were 25.9 ± 2.5 years in this present study. The mean age of non-hypertensive mother were 25.1 ± 3.21 in this present study.
ABSTRACT
As atlanto- axial joints are the most complex joints of the axial skeleton, both anatomically and kinematically, comprehensive knowledge of spinal kinematics is of paramount importance for an understanding of all aspects of clinical analysis of radiographs , in understanding clinical effects of fusion and orthotic prescriptions. In the present study the workers have tried to study median and lateral articular facets of atlas vertebra for dens. The study was conducted with an aim to evaluate the changes occurring with cleft posterior arch of atlas along with lateral atlanto-axial joint. The study was conducted on 200 dried, unsexed adult human atlas and 200 axis vertebrae. In the present study the incidence of cleft posterior arch of atlas is 2%. There is no difference in surface area of the lateral articular facets of both sides in all atlas vertebrae. Smooth lateral articular facets are found on the medial side of the lateral masses of all atlas vertebrae in dried bones as well as in cadaveric dissections. In the present study it is also observed that in the cleft posterior arch of atlas, surface area of median articular facet of anterior arches significantly more than in normal atlas vertebra.